{"id":32678,"date":"2026-04-27T12:23:42","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T12:23:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/technical-manuals\/building-analysis\/post-analysis-ps-2022\/"},"modified":"2026-06-19T12:37:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T12:37:51","slug":"post-analysis-ps-2022","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wiki\/post-analysis-ps-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Post Analysis Ps 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Physical Model vs Analytical Model <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
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The 3D model you built is a physical model with actual member size rendered visually.  The <\/span><\/span>analysis converts the physical model into the analytical model (as shown below). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/div>\n
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The analytical model is essentially a centre-line wireframe model. For members to be connected properly, the analytical wire frame must meet a common joint. Joints are insertion points created at intersection of axes. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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\"Alert\"Hence, when modelling, you need to ensure that members are using common axes or intersection of axes for members to be connected. Merely checking the 3D rendered view does not confirm whether members are connected analytically. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

Preview of Analytical Model using Linear view<\/span><\/span>
<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
For reasons stated above, it is important to check member connectivity before the analysis, otherwise analysis may fail or yield many warning message of instability.  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
To display and verify the analytical model before the analysis : 
<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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1.  Create a 3D<\/b> view >  By default a "Solid" or "Rendered" model is shown 
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2.  Press "CTRL + D<\/b>"  consecutively > this will cycle to various Display Style<\/b> (Rendered, Flat, Hidden Line, Linear)
<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
3.  Ensure "<\/span>Linear<\/span><\/b>" is active > This shows the 3D analytical wireframe model <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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  1. Alternatively, in 3D view, click on "Linear<\/b>" icon just above the Structure tree (as below) 
    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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     <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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    4.  Verify the members are connected properly by zooming in common joints of interest. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    Below is an example where members are not connected analytical but appears to be connected in solid rendered view. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
     –> Click to enlarge picture<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Alert\"<\/div>\n
    For steel structure, we highly recommend you model all steel members in Linear view. This will ensure all members are connected properly, as modelling in physical view will likely result in non-connectivity of steel members. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/div>\n

    You can also select a group of members and display the linear view of those selected members only : 
    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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    1. Select the members you want to view in wireframe mode<\/span><\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    2. Choose the "View > Linear View<\/b>" command fromthe right-click menu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    3. The selected elements will begin to be displayed in wireframe mode.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    <\/div>\n
    This way, you will obtain a hybrid view showing how the elements are connected to each other, example as below. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Once you have verified the connectivity of members, you can proceed to run Building Analysis with confidence. <\/span> 
    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n

    Display Analytical Model<\/span>
    <\/h1>\n
    The <\/span><\/span>Building Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/span> procedure creates a 3D analytical model of the building, apply the loads and evaluates the member forces.  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Go to the Analysis<\/b> top ribbon, click on Analytical Model<\/b> icon. If you have performed Finite Element Floor and Foundation analysis as well, then clicking \u201cAnalytical Model\u201d button will prompt you with two options:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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    1. Building Analysis Model
      <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Finite Elements Floor Analysis Model<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      <\/span><\/div>\n

      <\/span><\/div>\n
      In Building Analysis Model, you can review the analysis results such as displace<\/span><\/span>ments, axial forces, shears, bending moments, torsions, and finite element contours.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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      Building Analysis Analytical Model
      <\/span><\/h1>\n
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      Once Building Analysis is completed successfully, you can access the detail  Analytical Model, where you can check   : <\/span><\/div>\n
        \n
      1. Whether the actual analytical model is prepared correctly<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Display details such as frame and nodal loading, system connectivity information, rigid end zones, end releases etc. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      3. Display deflections of members and shells<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      4. Display member forces, e.g axial load, shear & moments<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
        The example below shows the Analytical Model of a 5 storey reinforced concrete building where the floor slabs are exclude included and not meshed. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        The example below shows the Analytical Model of the same 5 storey reinforced concrete building where the floor slabs are included and meshed using finite element shells. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
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        <\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
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        1. Filter Panel –<\/span><\/span><\/b> Users can filter storeys, axes and member types to be shown in the analytical model.
          <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Effects Panel –<\/span><\/span><\/b> This panel would be available when users enable "Contours" after performing Building Analysis with Floor Meshed.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
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          1. For more explanations of each effect, kindly refer to<\/span> Finite Elements Floor Analysis: Effects Panel.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          2. Load Combinations Panel –<\/span><\/span><\/b> All load cases and load combinations will be shown here. Effects or forces diagram shown in analytical model will be based on selected load cases or load combinations here.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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            General Tab<\/span><\/span>
            <\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
            <\/div>\n
            The most commonly used view settings can be selected directly from the drop down menus, however other settings such as node display type, text properties and size, local axis colours etc. can be adjusted by displaying the <\/span><\/span>\u201cGeneral<\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> tab.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

            <\/span><\/div>\n
            Settings<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
            This button will display the "Analytical Model Settings" where you can adjust settings such as background color & settings related to node, frame, shell, diagram, displacement.
            <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

            <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
            Plan<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/u>
            <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
            Set and lock viewing to plan view only. 
            <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

            <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
            View<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
            Show the 3D viewing cube where you can click on face or corner of cube to set viewing direction. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
            <\/div>\n
            Zoom in & Out<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
            Self explanatory.  Use mouse wheel can also zoom in & out <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
            <\/div>\n
            Orthogonal<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
            Toggle between Orthogonal or Perspective 3D view. 
            <\/span><\/div>\n
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            1. Perspective requires more computing resources and may impact performance
              <\/span><\/li>\n
            2. Orthogonal requires less memory resources and can improve performance. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              Increase \/ Decrease Font Size<\/span><\/b><\/u><\/span>
              <\/span><\/div>\n
              Click to increase or decrease font size of text shown<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              Save \/ Copy Picture<\/span><\/u><\/b><\/span>
              <\/span><\/div>\n
              Save picture as png file or copy it into memory, to be pasted elsewhere. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              Find Node\/Frame\/Shell<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
              This button can be used to locate an individual node, frame element or shell element within the 3-D analytical model. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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              1. This function is helpful in ascertain unstable members or joints in analytical model.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
              2. For more details, kindly refer to<\/span>  <\/span>How to check singularity or large deformation warnings during Building Analysis<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \"Info\"Press <\/span><\/span>CTRL + F<\/span><\/span><\/b> to call out this feature<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                <\/span><\/div>\n
                Filter <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
                <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                When activated, the Filter pane will be shown permanently.  When deactivated, the Filter pane will collapse. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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                1. Particularly for complicated and big-sized models, filtering is essential. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                2. By utilizing the Filters button any unnecessary detail can be removed or restored.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                3. You can remove any storey level, any axis, or member type from the view, enabling you to focus on a particular detail in the model.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  <\/span><\/div>\n
                  Connectivity Issues<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/span> <\/span>
                  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                  This button lists all the frames with unsupported nodes in table and highlights it when selected. <\/span>
                  <\/span><\/div>\n

                  <\/span><\/div>\n

                  Members Tab
                  <\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

                  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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                  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                  Nodes<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/span>
                  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                  When the Nodes button is depressed the additional options will become active :<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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                  1. "Labels"<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>controls the display of internally generated node numbers.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n

                  2. <\/span><\/span>"Pile Forces" shows piled raft foundation forces<\/span><\/li>\n
                  3. \u201cSupports\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> & <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cSprings\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span>display any support \/ spring assigned to a node if they exist. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                  4. \u201cNodal Loads\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span>  shows <\/span><\/span><\/span>Nodal loads assigned to each node. <\/span><\/li>\n
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                    1. Ensure always is icon is active, else important nodal loads such as Notional Horizontal Loads & Wind loads will be hidden. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n
                      Diaphragms<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/u> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n
                      \u201cDiaphragms\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>can be used to show how nodes are connected to any diaphragms in the model.  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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                      1. Clicking on this icon will expose dropdown menu to show all diaphragms or individual floor diaphragms. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                      2. Diaphragms are formed by floor slabs. <\/span><\/span>For example details refer :<\/span> Diaphragm Modelling Example<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        <\/p>\n
                        Support Reactions<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/u> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n
                        Activate this to show support reactions with reference to the global coordinate system. 
                        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

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                        Frame Member icons <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/span>
                        <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                        When the Frame button is depressed the additional options will become active : 
                        <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                        <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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                        1. \u201cLabels<\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i>  will show actual  <\/span>member labels, eg. 1B1, 1C1. <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/li>\n
                        2. \u201cFrame No<\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span> , "Section<\/b>" & "Material<\/b>"  will show automatically assigned number created during analysis.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                        3. "Hinges<\/b>" will show hinges in purple dot at ends of member
                          <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                        4. "Local Axes<\/b>" shows local axes on each element<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                        5. "Direction<\/b>" shows shows which is first and second end of each frame element
                          <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                        6. "Shrink<\/b>" will shrink all frame element joining to a node <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                        7. "Solid Model<\/b>" will render the physical model in grey for to visualize the actual size of members. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          Rigid Members<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u> <\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n
                          Any rigid members can be displayed using the <\/span><\/span>\u201cRigid Members\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span> <\/span> option. <\/span><\/span>There are 3 types of rigid member : <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                          <\/p>\n
                            \n
                          1. Rigid beam at the top of<\/span><\/span> <\/span>Mid-pier Wal<\/span>l<\/span><\/a> <\/span>assumption.<\/span><\/span> 
                            <\/span><\/li>\n
                          2. Rigid links created when<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>Rigid Zone<\/span><\/span><\/a> is selected.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
                            <\/span><\/li>\n
                          3. Rigid links auto created to support offset beams supported by columns<\/span><\/span><\/a>.  <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
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                            1. Refer : <\/span>Rigid links automatically created inside columns to support offset beams<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n

                              <\/span><\/div>\n


                              <\/span><\/div>\n
                              Frame Loads<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u> <\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n
                              "Frame Loads" displays Point loads, distributed loads and user-defined loads acting on beam can be displayed on analytical model. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                              <\/div>\n
                              Frame Loads Labels<\/b><\/span><\/u><\/span>
                              <\/span><\/div>\n
                              Shows values of frame loads. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                              <\/span><\/div>\n
                              Shell Elements<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/span>
                              <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                              When Shell button is depressed the additional options will become active : <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                \n
                              1. " <\/i>Labels<\/b>\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/span> to<\/span><\/span><\/span> view the shell numbers. <\/span><\/span>
                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                              2. "Shrink<\/b>\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span>  to isolate shell elements from neighboring members and easily distinguish the connectivity information.<\/span><\/span>
                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                              3. "Surface"<\/b> to color \/ shade shells 
                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                              4. "Thickness<\/b>" to show shell thickness
                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                              5. "Pressure<\/b>" to show decomposed pressure loads on shell
                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                              6. "Local Axis<\/b>" to show 3 direction local axes of shell
                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                              7. "Solid Model<\/b>" to render actual physical element with exact thickness. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                Focus on Selected Members Only<\/span><\/u>  <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
                                <\/div>\n
                                Enables you to view frame elements results (displacement or forces diagrams) for selected frame only (while results of other elements will be hidden)
                                <\/span><\/div>\n
                                Applies only to frame elements (beam, column, mid-pier wall) and not shell elements, by these steps  : <\/span><\/span>
                                <\/span><\/div>\n
                                1.  Activate this button<\/span><\/span>
                                <\/span><\/div>\n
                                2.  In <\/span>Results<\/span><\/b> tab, activate "<\/span>Displacement<\/span><\/b>" and \/ or force "Diagram" (N, V, T, M). <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                3.  Select one or multiple frame member, i.e. beam, column or shell wall.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                \n
                                <\/p>\n
                                \"Notes\"<\/div>\n
                                Step 2 & 3 can be reversed. <\/span><\/div>\n

                                <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                Show Member Tooltips<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
                                \n
                                When the mouse is hover over a shell member, tooltip windows with connectivity information and analysis result for the selected shell member will appear.<\/span>
                                <\/span><\/div>\n
                                <\/div>\n
                                <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                Results Tab<\/span>
                                <\/h2>\n
                                <\/div>\n
                                <\/div>\n
                                Displacements, Frame Element Results and Contours are displayed for the load case selected in the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cLoading\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>list.<\/span><\/span> <\/span>
                                <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                If an eigenvalue analysis has been performed, mode shapes of the building will have been calculated and the modes can be selected from the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cLoading\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> list in order to see the mode shap<\/span>e.<\/span>
                                <\/span><\/div>\n

                                <\/span><\/div>\n
                                Displacements<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/u> <\/div>\n
                                <\/div>\n
                                Translation and rotation values at the node points can be displayed either as a resultant or in each of the global directions. For angled systems, if non-orthogonal displacements are to be investigated, then the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cResultant\u201d<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>option can be used. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>To animate the displacement display, select <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cAnimation<\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                The decimal precision of the displacement values can be adjusted from <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cUnit and Format<\/a>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> in the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cSettings Center<\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> . <\/span>
                                <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                Displacement is set to "Auto Scale<\/b>" by default. To adjust the scale of displacement, uncheck the<\/span><\/span> <\/span> \u201cAuto Scale<\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>box and enter a value manually into the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cScale<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span> field.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                The <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cCubic Curve<\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>option draws the displacements of frame and shell members by making use of the loading on the elements, otherwise displacements are drawn just at the node points if this option is removed.<\/span><\/span>
                                <\/span><\/div>\n

                                <\/span><\/div>\n
                                Animation<\/b><\/span><\/u>
                                <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                Click to animate the displaced shape for better visualization.  This is particular useful to confirm whether members are connected properly. If they are not, it will be obvious they will displaced as separate entities. 
                                <\/span><\/div>\n

                                <\/span><\/div>\n
                                Displacement Values<\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
                                Click to show actual displacement values.  The legend is as follows : <\/span><\/div>\n
                                \n
                                  \n
                                1. X <\/b>= Global horizontal plan displacement. <\/span><\/li>\n
                                2. Y <\/b>= Global vertical plan displacement.  <\/span><\/li>\n
                                3. Z <\/b>= Global displacement along the storey height. <\/span><\/li>\n
                                4. R <\/b>= Resultant value in 3D space<\/span><\/li>\n
                                5. Rx, Ry<\/b>, & Rz<\/b> are rotation, of joints in radians.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                  Diagrams<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                  <\/span><\/div>\n
                                  There are 6 force and moment components related to a frame element each of which can be displayed from the drop down menu:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n
                                  1. N :<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span> Axial Load. Negative<\/b> value = Compression<\/b>. Positive<\/b> value = Tension<\/b>. 
                                    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                  2. T :<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/b>Torsional Moment
                                    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                  3. V2 :<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span> Shear force along element local axis 2 (Major shear of beam and wall; shear of column in dir 2)
                                    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                  4. V3 :<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span> Shear forces along element local axis 3 (Minor shear of beam and wall; shear of column in dir 3)
                                    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                  5. M22 :<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span> Bending moments about element local axis 2 (Minor moment of beam and wall; moment of column about dir 2)
                                    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                  6. M33 :<\/span><\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bending moments about element local axis 3 (Major moment of beam and walls; moment of column about dir 3)
                                    Select the <\/span><\/span>\u201cLabels\u201d<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>option to see the diagram values on the display.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                    Moment or force diagrams are also drawn for the rigid members if you check the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cRigid Members<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span> in the Diagrams section of the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cView Settings\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> menu.<\/span><\/span> <\/span>
                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    Diagrams are assigned an automatic scale when first loaded. Uncheck <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cAuto Scale\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>box in the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cView Settings\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span> menu and enter a value manually into the <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u201cScale\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> <\/span> field to use a different scale.<\/span><\/span>
                                    <\/span><\/div>\n
                                    <\/div>\n
                                    Rigid Link<\/b><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    To view the bending moment and forces in the rigid link, user need to click on Diagrams and click on Rigid Link tab.
                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n
                                    Show Magnified Seismic Design Results<\/b><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                    Magnified seismic design forces refer to the increased  earthquake forces experienced by a structure during an earthquake, beyond what’s calculated from a linear elastic analysis.
                                    <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                    <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    Show Live Load Reduced Combination Results<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    Show combination forces with live load reduction applied<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    <\/div>\n
                                    Slab Strips<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u>
                                    <\/span><\/div>\n
                                    By default, \u201cDiagrams\u201d pull down menu in the \u201cSlab Strips\u201d ribbon group is disabled.<\/span> <\/span> <\/div>\n
                                    <\/p>\n
                                    <\/p>\n
                                    \"Notes\"<\/div>\n
                                    This button is only available when FE Slab Strip is modelled.<\/span><\/div>\n

                                    <\/span><\/div>\n

                                    <\/span><\/div>\n

                                    Users can choose to display moment diagram for one slab strip only or all slab strips in X or Y direction. <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n
                                    <\/div>\n
                                    <\/div>\n
                                    <\/div>\n
                                      \n
                                    1. Md =<\/span><\/b> Wood-Armer Effects is turned on
                                      <\/span><\/li>\n
                                    2. M<\/span><\/b> = Wood-Armer Effects is Ignored<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      Result Collection Method<\/span><\/b> for slab strips : <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                        \n
                                      1. Maximum – <\/span><\/span><\/b>The maximum of the lateral nodes at each station.
                                        <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                      2. Integral – <\/span><\/span><\/b>Integral is calculated from the integral of those nodes. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                      3. Strip Line <\/span><\/span><\/b>– Only displays the values at the station nodes and lateral nodes are not considered. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                        <\/span><\/div>\n
                                        <\/div>\n
                                        Include Column Patch Region Results : <\/span><\/b><\/span>
                                        <\/span><\/div>\n
                                          \n
                                        1. When this option is checked the results inside the patch panels will be included in the FE Fixed Band Strip diagram. You can notice the peak support moment.<\/span><\/span>
                                          <\/span><\/li>\n
                                        2. If this option is unchecked on the diagram window, the top bending moment results inside the patch regions will be excluded from the FE Fixed Band Strip diagram.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                          \n
                                          <\/p>\n
                                          \"Info\"<\/div>\n
                                          For more information on flat slab analysis and design with column patch, refer to :<\/span>  Working with Flat Slab<\/a><\/div>\n

                                          <\/span><\/div>\n

                                          <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                          \n

                                          Contours Tab
                                          <\/span><\/h2>\n
                                          The contours tab is applicable only if finite element shell is used for slab or shear walls. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                                          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                          <\/div>\n

                                          <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/div>\n
                                          Contours<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/span> <\/span>
                                          <\/span><\/div>\n

                                          <\/span><\/div>\n
                                          If<\/span> <\/span>\u201cFE Shell Model\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/i> is used for analytical modelling of walls and Building With Floor Meshed is performed, this button allows you to display either shaded or line contours on walls and slabs.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                          <\/p>\n
                                          \"Notes\"<\/div>\n
                                          Shell internal forces are given for unit length of the member.<\/span><\/div>\n

                                          <\/span><\/div>\n

                                          The number of contour intervals can be adjusted in the "Quantity" field.<\/span><\/div>\n

                                          <\/span><\/div>\n
                                          Legend<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>
                                          <\/span><\/div>\n
                                          Use this button to display the legend for the currently selected contour option. The legend will remain in the view as long as the contour display is active.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                          <\/p>\n

                                          <\/span><\/div>\n
                                          \"Info\"The Contours icons here is identical to the FE Floor Model (from FE Floor Analysis, kindly refer to this article :  <\/span>Finite Elements Floor Analysis<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

                                          <\/span><\/div>\n

                                          Shear Wall Shell<\/span><\/u>
                                          <\/h3>\n
                                          Snapshot below shows an example of FE shear wall contour. You can view the forces of F11, F22, F12, etc. of the shear wall. <\/span><\/div>\n
                                          <\/div>\n

                                          <\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
                                          <\/div>\n
                                          Image below is the sign convention of shell element to interpret the internal forces in the wall. Please note that the axes used for internal forces are local axes.
                                          <\/span><\/div>\n
                                            \n
                                          1. F11<\/span><\/b> – Direct Membrane Force at face 1 along direction 1.
                                            <\/span><\/li>\n
                                          2. F22<\/span><\/b> – Direct Membrane Force at at face 2 along direction 2.
                                            <\/span><\/li>\n
                                          3. F12 <\/b>– Shearing Membrane Force at face 1 along direction 2.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          4. V13<\/b> –  Average Out-of-Plane Nodal Shear at Side 1<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          5. V23<\/b> –  Average Out-of-Plane Nodal Shear at Side 2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                            <\/div>\n

                                            <\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
                                            \n
                                              \n
                                            1. M1<\/span><\/b> – Plate Bending Moment along local Direction-1 per unit length.
                                              <\/span><\/li>\n
                                            2. M2<\/span><\/b> –  Plate Bending Moment along local Direction-2 per unit length.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                            3. M12<\/span><\/b> – Torsional \/ Twisting Moment per unit length.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
                                              \n
                                              \n
                                              \"Info\"\"Notes\"ProtaStructure interpolates contour lines from the results on joints at each corner of the shells. Hence, the mesh sensitivity should be considered when interpreting and comparing the results. Mesh size can be controlled via the \u201cBuilding Analysis > <\/span>Model Options<\/u><\/a> > "Shearwall Model".<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                              Resultant forces derivation of Shearwall using FE Shells<\/u> 
                                              <\/span><\/h3>\n
                                              Examining the individual shell forces is helpful if you want to visualize or compare forces of shearwalls of the model.  However, the shell values cannot be directly used for wall design, as all the shell forces must be summed up correctly, to derive a total resultant value for axial, shear and moment force respectively.   <\/span><\/div>\n

                                              <\/span><\/div>\n
                                              To achieve this, ProtaStructure automatically utilizes the Group Sum<\/b> methodology to calculate the total responses, i.e. total forces at the
                                              \ntop and bottom of the shearwalls modeled with FE shell elements :
                                              <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. This method calculates
                                                \nthe resultant of the joint forces at the shell elements and represents them on the geometrical center of
                                                \nthe shearwall or corewall.  
                                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                                              2. The resultant forces can be viewed in same manner as Mid-Pier Shearwall<\/u><\/a> assumption, by going to Results<\/b> tab > "Diagrams<\/b>" > pick <\/span>N, V2, V3, M22, M33<\/span><\/b>  (example below)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                \n
                                                <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
                                                <\/div>\n
                                                \n
                                                <\/p>\n
                                                \"Notes\"<\/div>\n
                                                For a detail verification process, refer to this design guide :<\/span> Group Sum and Shearwall\/Corewall Forces using Finite Element Shells<\/a><\/div>\n

                                                <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                \n

                                                Slab Shell<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/u>
                                                <\/h3>\n
                                                Snapshot below shows an example of FE slab contour. You can view the analysis results contour of shear forces, bending moments and area of steel required in the slab.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                <\/div>\n
                                                \n
                                                <\/div>\n
                                                <\/div>\n
                                                <\/div>\n
                                                  \n
                                                1. V13<\/span><\/b> is out of plane shear force at face 1 acting towards local axis 3.
                                                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                2. V23<\/span><\/b> is out of plane shear force at face 2 acting towards local axis 3.
                                                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                3. M1<\/span><\/b> <\/span>is Moment about Direction-1 per unit length.<\/span><\/span>
                                                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                4. M2<\/span><\/b> <\/span>is Moment about Direction-2 per unit length.<\/span><\/span>
                                                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                5. M12<\/span><\/b> <\/span>is Twisting Moment per unit length.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  \n
                                                  \n
                                                  <\/p>\n
                                                  \"Notes\"<\/div>\n
                                                  If you are running FE Floor Analysis instead of Building Analysis, you can refer to <\/span><\/span>Finite Elements Floor Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/a> article<\/span><\/span>.<\/div>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                  Additional User Interaction in Analytical Model 
                                                  <\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                  \n
                                                  In the latest release ProtaStructure <\/span>2025<\/span><\/b>, there are significant enhancements to user interactions in the Analytical <\/span><\/span>Post Processor.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                  Window Selection<\/span><\/span>
                                                  <\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                  <\/p>\n

                                                  You can now select a part of the model by boxing around them.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    <\/div>\n
                                                  \n

                                                  Isolating Selected Members<\/span><\/span><\/span>
                                                  <\/h3>\n
                                                  After selecting one or more members with window selection, right click and pick Show Selected Only<\/b> <\/span>command. The results will be displayed only for selected part of the model.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  To view the entire model again, right click and pick Show All command. <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  Hiding the Selected Members
                                                  <\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                  <\/p>\n

                                                  Instead of showing only the selected members, you can choose to hide them. For that purpose, select one or more members, right click and pick Hide Selected command.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  In the picture below, the moment diagram is displayed only for the selected frames.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  In the example below, corner storey nodes are selected and only their displacement values are shown.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n

                                                  <\/div>\n

                                                  <\/div>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  Solid Model <\/span><\/span>
                                                  <\/h2>\n
                                                  This allows various reactions such as axial load, shear force and bending moment are color coded shown on the physical model. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/p>\n
                                                  \"Idea\"<\/div>\n
                                                  Tutorial video for Analytical Model is available at<\/span> Basic E-Learning: 15 Post Analysis, Analytical Model<\/a><\/div>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n


                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                  Physical Model vs Analytical Model  The 3D model you built is a physical model with actual member size rendered visually.  The analysis converts the physical model…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_whitepaper_youtube_videos":"","_whitepaper_youtube_url":"","_whitepaper_youtube_thumbnail":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"whitepaper_topic":[],"whitepaper_product":[],"whitepaper_type":[],"class_list":["post-32678","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry","category-building-analysis"],"yoast_head":"\nPost Analysis Ps 2022 - Prota Software<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Physical Model vs Analytical Model The 3D model you built is a physical model with actual member size rendered visually.  The analysis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wiki\/post-analysis-ps-2022\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prota Software\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Physical Model vs Analytical Model The 3D model you built is a physical model with actual member size rendered visually.  The analysis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wiki\/post-analysis-ps-2022\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prota Software\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-19T12:37:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-a9eee2cfcb1e13804323d21dad97074b.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Prota Software\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/protasoftware.com\\\/wiki\\\/post-analysis-ps-2022\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/protasoftware.com\\\/wiki\\\/post-analysis-ps-2022\\\/\",\"name\":\"Post Analysis Ps 2022 - 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