{"id":33225,"date":"2026-04-27T12:44:05","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T12:44:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/technical-manuals\/settings-and-parameters\/column-design-settings-ps2022\/"},"modified":"2026-06-19T12:37:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T12:37:48","slug":"column-design-settings-ps2022","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wiki\/column-design-settings-ps2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Column Design Settings Ps2022"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

General<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/h1>\n


\n <\/span><\/p>\n


\n <\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/span>Column and shearwall design setting is important to preset before starting to design any columns\/walls. By presetting these design parameters can save a significant amount of time for user compare to user who set after designing columns\/walls. This is to ensure the columns\/walls are correctly designed based on the project criteria.<\/span><\/span>
\n <\/span><\/div>\n


\n <\/span><\/p>\n


\n <\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
\n <\/span><\/div>\n


\n <\/span><\/p>\n


\n <\/span>To access the Column and Shearwall Design Setting, user can:<\/span><\/span>
\n <\/span><\/div>\n


\n <\/span><\/p>\n


    \n <\/span><\/p>\n
  1. Go to <\/span><\/span>"Building Setout"<\/span><\/span><\/b> tab > <\/span><\/span>"Settings Center" <\/span><\/span><\/b>> <\/span><\/span>"Column & Shearwall"<\/span><\/span><\/b>, or<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n


    \n <\/span><\/p>\n

  2. click on \u201c<\/span><\/span>Setting and Parameters<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u201d in the \u201c<\/span><\/span>Columns Section Design Summary Table<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u201d.
    <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    Design<\/span><\/h1>\n


    \n<\/span><\/p>\n

    The fields displayed on this page will differ depending on which design code is chosen.<\/div>\n

    Min. & Max. Steel Percentages<\/span><\/span><\/b>
    <\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


    \n<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    The parameters on this sub-page control the reinforcement selection. <\/span><\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
      \n
    1. Column :<\/u><\/b><\/li>\n
        \n
      1. Column Min. Steel Ratio : <\/b>Minimum steel percentage to be used in column. If the steel area required in a column section is less than the minimum steel area required, then the minimum steel percentage given in this field will be used automatically.<\/li>\n
      2. Column Limit Steel Ratio :<\/b> Maximum steel percentage to be used in a column. If the required steel area in a column exceeds this value, than the section will be considered as insufficient and a warning message will be displayed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      3. Wall :<\/u><\/b><\/li>\n
          \n
        1. Wall Min. Longitudinal Steel Ratio : <\/b> Minimum steel percentage to be used in wall. If the steel area required in a wall section is less than the minimum steel area required, then the minimum steel percentage given in this field will be used automatically.<\/li>\n
        2. Wall Limit Longitudinal Steel Ratio : <\/b>Maximum steel percentage to be used in wall. If the required steel area in a wall exceeds this value, than the section will be considered as insufficient and a warning message will be displayed.<\/li>\n
        3. Min. Wall Horizontal Steel Ratio : <\/b>  Minimum steel percentage for horizontal steel area to be used in a wall.  If the steel area required in the horizontal direction in a wall section is less than the minimum steel area required then the minimum steel percentage given in this field will be used automatically.<\/li>\n
        4. Use Plain Wall Design : <\/b> Apply plain concrete wall design where it is applicable, resulting in a reduced minimum area of steel.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        5. Moment Capacity Tolerance :<\/b> Introduce tolerance for required steel in the column sections. Apply positive % tolerance means accept a higher moment capacity for the concrete section and thus  reduce steel area than required. Likewise, negative values will reduce moment capacity which increase steel area required.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n


          \n<\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/span>Parameters<\/h2>\n
          Specify the design clause to be applied where alternatives are offered in the design code. <\/span><\/span><\/span>
          \n
          <\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n
          \n <\/span>
          \n \n<\/div>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \n Max. Effective Length Factors (BS8110 & CP65)<\/span><\/span><\/u> : <\/span><\/span><\/b>
            \n <\/span>To set the maximum effective length factors. ProtaStructure calculates effective length using the formulae given in clause 2.5 in BS 8110\u20102:1985. Therefore, the limit will be 4. This setting will not affects project using Eurocode template.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n


            \n <\/span><\/p>\n


          2. \n <\/span><\/p>\n

            \n <\/span>Design Ultimate Axial Load (BS8110 & CP65)<\/span><\/span><\/u> : <\/span><\/span><\/b>
            \n <\/span>Maximum axial load that can be carried by the columns and walls in the structure. Default option is using equation 39 (BS8110 part 1) which is slightly conservative.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
            \n <\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n


            \n <\/span><\/p>\n


          3. \n <\/span><\/p>\n

            \n <\/span>Bi-axial Bending Method (BS8110 & CP65)<\/span><\/span><\/u> :<\/span><\/span><\/b>
            \n <\/span> To select the method that will be used for bi-axial bending of columns. <\/span><\/span>
            \n <\/span>"Bi-axial" means <\/span><\/span><\/span>
            \n <\/span>Ultimate Strength Bi-axial Bending method<\/span><\/span><\/b>; <\/span><\/span><\/span>
            \n <\/span>"BS8110 (Cl 3.8.4.5)" or "CP65 (Cl 3.8.4.5)"  means <\/span><\/span><\/span>
            \n <\/span>moment combination method<\/span><\/span><\/b>. When this option is checked, an effective moment will be calculated based on the x and y direction design moments and uni-axial bending is applied in this direction.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          4. Joints Shear Check (Seismic Related only)<\/span><\/span><\/u> : <\/span><\/span><\/b> <\/span>This check will only be done if specific region code with high seismic zone & high ductility is required (example, Philippines Code)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          5. \n
            Strength Reduction Factors (ACI & IS) <\/u><\/b>: To define Strength Reduction Factors based on local requirements and practices. Clicking on it will expose the various reduction factors as shown below.<\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          6. \n
            <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Rebar<\/span><\/h1>\n


            \n<\/span><\/p>\n

            Steel Bars Selection Method<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span>
            <\/span><\/h2>\n


            \n<\/span><\/p>\n


            \n <\/span>On this sub-page you can specify the steel bar layout method adopted in design mode. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
            <\/span><\/span><\/span>
            \n
            <\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n
            \n <\/span>
            \n \n<\/div>\n
              \n
            1. Selection Method<\/span><\/u> : <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n


              \n <\/span><\/p>\n


                \n <\/span><\/p>\n

              1. \n <\/span><\/p>\n

                \n <\/span>Fixed Bar Layout Method :<\/span><\/span><\/b>
                \n <\/span> To <\/span><\/span>remain the rebar layout as previously designed without modification. Only the bar sizes are determined based on the given layout during design process. The initial bar layout is determined based on the maximum bar spacing allowed by the current concrete codes.<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
              2. \n

                \n <\/span>Bar Layout Optimization Method : <\/span><\/span><\/b> <\/span>Program modifies the layout so that the steel bar sizes are maximized to achieve the maximum spacing (within the range specified in setting) between the bars.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                <\/div>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n

                Column Containment<\/span><\/span>
                <\/span><\/h2>\n


                \n<\/span><\/p>\n


                \n <\/span>On this sub-page you can indicate the preference for the link pattern(s) to meet column confinement requirements when in design mode.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
                \n <\/span>
                <\/span><\/span>
                \n<\/span><\/div>\n


                \n<\/span><\/p>\n


                \n <\/span>The program will select from the considered patterns the one which best matches the number of bars and bar spacing in each direction. It will also add tie bars where they are required.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
                \n
                <\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n

                <\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Column Link Patterns<\/span><\/u> :<\/span><\/b> To select link pattern(s) to be involved in column design (b\/h <1.8 and b\/h >1.8).
                  <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n


                  \n <\/span><\/p>\n


                    \n <\/span><\/p>\n
                  1. Single Link  (this pattern is always considered).
                    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n


                    \n <\/span><\/p>\n

                  2. Double Links
                    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n


                    \n <\/span><\/p>\n

                  3. Triple Links
                    <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n


                    \n <\/span><\/p>\n

                  4. Cross Link<\/span><\/span>
                    <\/span><\/li>\n


                    \n <\/span><\/ol>\n


                    \n<\/span><\/ol>\n


                    \n<\/span><\/p>\n