{"id":33366,"date":"2026-04-27T12:50:06","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T12:50:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/technical-manuals\/foundation-modelling-and-design\/pile-caps\/"},"modified":"2026-06-19T12:37:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T12:37:47","slug":"pile-caps","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wiki\/pile-caps\/","title":{"rendered":"Pile Caps"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div style=\"float: left\" id=\"target_mov_img_0677201283427713\" class=\"target_moving\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;width: 52px;height: auto\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_0677201283427713\" class=\"docsimage\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=ghfhhb1fd14e76ceb4141adb178805e03056c\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 14px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Before defining a Pile Cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The building model must be completed and analysed, so that the column axial loads and moments are determined.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The foundation storey (Storey 0) must be set as the current storey.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">In order to determine concrete and steel grades that will be used in the Pad Footing Design, you may go to \u201c<\/span><\/span><i style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.1px\"><span class=\"size\"><span class=\"colour\">Building Setout<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">\u201d tab &gt; <\/span><\/span><i style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.1px\"><span class=\"size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/material\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"colour\">Material<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&gt; select \u201c<\/span><\/span><i style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.1px\"><span class=\"size\"><span class=\"colour\">Foundation Floor<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">\u201d at the left hand list &gt; select and edit concrete grade, rebar and\/or soil at the right hand field.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Review the pile cap analysis &amp; design settings in the Settings Center &gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/foundation#General\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Foundations Design Settings <\/a>&gt; <b>General <\/b>&amp; <b>Pile Caps<\/b>&nbsp;dialog.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Pile_Cap_Insertion\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Pile Cap Insertion<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_20426771614732564\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;width: 152px;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=ghfhh9dea181307c14151a1df315a3d167a76\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"font\">To define a new Pile Cap:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Select and right click column(s) to access &quot;Insert Pile Cap&quot; at storey 0&nbsp;via shortcut menu. More than one column may be selected (In this case, the&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\"><b><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Pile_Cap_Batch_Design\">Pile Cap Batch Design<\/a><\/b>&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">dialog will be launched)&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The \u201c<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">\u201d dialog will be displayed. Check the parameters in the dialog and press the \u201c&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Design&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">\u201d button to design the pile cap.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&quot;Number of piles&quot; can be changed in &quot;Pile Cap&quot; tab if necessary.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">After completing the design of the pile cap, press the &quot;<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">OK<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">\u201d button to close the \u201c<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">\u201d dialog and complete its insertion.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Editing_an_Existing_Pile_Cap\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Editing an Existing Pile Cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">In order to edit an existing pile cap:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Select an existing pile cap,&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Right-click and select &quot;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Properties&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&quot; from the menu.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Modify or auto-design of the pile cap,&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Press the &quot;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">O<\/span><\/i><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">K&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&quot; button in the &quot;<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Properties<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&quot; form to update the pile cap.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span style=\"margin: 10px 0px;position: relative;padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px\" class=\"KB_New_Editor_Highlights\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-52ed272a118a516362adf3ed13558426.png\" data-type=\"non-resize\" style=\"position: absolute;left: 12px;top: 14px;width: 15px;max-width: 100%\" data-image=\"contentStyle\" alt=\"Info\"> <\/p>\n<div><span class=\"colour\">You can repeat this process to as many members as you wish. One member at a time can be edited by this method.&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Pile_Cap_Design_Scope__Assumptions\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=9ce335695a40348fa4f8fa35496573c13a99a\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Pile Cap Design Scope &amp; Assumptions&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"colour\">The pile cap design module is intended for single column based on beam theory.&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><span class=\"KB_New_Editor_Highlights\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;position: relative;padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-image=\"contentStyle\" style=\"position: absolute;left: 12px;top: 14px;width: 15px;max-width: 100%\" data-type=\"non-resize\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-f3540d20e61bcef81b9c921c4c43788f.png\" alt=\"Alert\"><\/p>\n<div><span class=\"colour\">The pile cap module is not suitable to design a pile cap supporting multiple columns or shearwalls &amp; core walls.&nbsp; For such situations, it is advisable to use the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-raft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Piled Raft <\/a><span class=\"colour\">foundation<\/span>.&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">The design bending moment &amp;&nbsp;shear forces are based on the inverted cantilever method. Example if British Standard is selected, it would be in accordance to BS8110-1:1997 &#8211; CL3.11.2.1 and CL3.11.4.3.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">For the pile cap section design, it will be categorized as either normal beam (&quot;Shallow Beam&quot;) or \u201cDeep Beam\u201d based on the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Reynolds Reinforced Concrete Designers Handbook 11&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><sup><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">th&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;Edition \u2013 Section 5.8.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">This categorization is based on the ratio of cantilever span\/ Effective depth.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If the&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">cantilever span\/effective depth &gt; 1.0&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">, the&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">shallow beam&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">method will be used.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">0.5 &lt;= cantilever span\/effective depth &lt;=1.0&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">, the&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">deep beam&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">method will be used.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">cantilever span\/effective depth &lt;0.5&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">, the section is too deep to be designed, i.e. no solution, and you have to either increase the pile spacing or reduce the pile cap section depth.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div><span style=\"margin: 10px 0px;position: relative;padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px\" class=\"KB_New_Editor_Highlights\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-0d9662999c704e68c764891833562ed0.png\" data-type=\"non-resize\" style=\"position: absolute;left: 12px;top: 14px;width: 15px;max-width: 100%\" data-image=\"contentStyle\" alt=\"Notes\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">When you decrease the bar layers, the average effective depth of the pile cap will be increased as well. Due to this bigger effective depth, you may get&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><u><span class=\"colour\">cantilever span \/ effective depth &lt;0.5&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><b><span class=\"colour\">,&nbsp;<\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/b><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">i.e. no solution.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If the section is categorized as \u201cDeep beam\u201d, the bending moment and shear will be checked according to&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">CIRIA Guide 2&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;or&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Reynolds Reinforced Concrete Designers Handbook 10&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><sup><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">th&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;Edition \u2013 Table 148&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><b><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">based on your settings in the option. The default shall be CIRIA Guide 2.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">The shape and configurations of the pile and pile caps are essentially fixed in accordance with the above stated references, based on rigid pile cap assumption (examples shown below).&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-4bbd942e733623ca9523866fb370f595.png\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" class=\"docsimage\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_4072900383653608\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-f0197732a9ba1928d1777479d5e64aea.png\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;width: 841px;height: auto\"><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"Pile_Cap_Properties\" class=\"toc_anchors\"><b><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 24px\"><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap Properties<\/span><\/span><\/b><br \/><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The &quot;<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">\u201d properties dialog will be loaded if you select a column\/wall in storey 0 &gt; right click &gt; Click&nbsp;&quot;<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Insert Pile cap<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&quot;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The \u201cPile Cap\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;properties&nbsp;dialog can also be accessed after selecting an existing pile cap and then by right-clicking and choosing the \u201c<\/span><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Properties<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">\u201d option in the shortcut menu.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">There are three main categories pages in this dialog, namely&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Geometry&quot;<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><i><span class=\"colour\">, \u201c<\/span><\/i><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><i><span class=\"colour\">\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">and&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">\u201cO<\/span><\/i><\/span><i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">utput<\/span><\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><i><span class=\"colour\">\u201d<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">\u201cGeometry\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">category page comprises&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">&quot;Pile Cap&quot;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">and&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">&quot;Pile Location&quot;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">tabs.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">\u201cAnalysis\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">category&nbsp;page consists of&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">&quot;Materials&quot;, &quot;Options&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">and&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">&quot;Column Loads&quot;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><b><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/b><span class=\"colour\">tabs.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">\u201cOutput\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">category&nbsp;page includes&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">&quot;Axial Loads&quot;, &quot;Rebars&quot;, &quot;Design Checks&quot;, &quot;Report &amp; Detailing&quot;, &quot;Result&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">&quot;&nbsp;<\/span><b><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/b><span class=\"colour\">and&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">&quot;Optimization&quot;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><b><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/b><span class=\"colour\">tabs.<\/span><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Pile_Cap_tab\" class=\"toc_anchors\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Pile Cap tab<\/span><br \/><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The following information can be edited in &quot;Pile Cap&quot; tab:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap Label:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;You can enter the label associated with the pile cap in this field. By default, a pile cap&nbsp;label associated with the column label will be generated. For example, \u201cPC-1C1\u201d will be generated if a pile cap for column \u201c1C1\u201d is inserted.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Number of Piles&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: You can decrease or increase the pile number by clicking and selecting the required pile number. The checks will be re-performed if this is changed.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Depth&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;This is the overall depth of the pile cap.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Shaft Type&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: Pile shape can be set as &quot;Circular&quot; or &quot;Square&quot;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Penetration&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: Length of the pile penetrates into the pile cap (affects detailing only)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Pile Size&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp; Pile diameter of circular pile or pile width of the square pile&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Spacing Multiplication Factor Between Piles (Short\/Long Dir):&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;Spacing between the pile in terms of number of diameter&nbsp;of pile. For example, if this is set to 2.5 and the pile diameter is 1000 mm, the spacing between the piles will be 2.5 * 1000 = 2500 mm&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Distance to Face (Short\/Long Dir)&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: Set the pile edge distance for short and long direction.&nbsp;A distance from the pile face to the cap edge smaller than this minimum value will not be used by the program.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Ultimate Compression\/Ultimate Tension&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: The ultimate compression\/ tension capacity of the pile (Factored pile working load)&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"margin: 10px 0px;position: relative;padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px\" class=\"KB_New_Editor_Highlights\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-2ae621715475324059a80475091538bb.png\" data-type=\"non-resize\" style=\"position: absolute;left: 12px;top: 14px;width: 15px;max-width: 100%\" data-image=\"contentStyle\" alt=\"Warning\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<div><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">To check\/<\/span><\/span><span><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">change&nbsp;the pile capacity of a pile cap, user should check in pile cap properties and should not double click on the pile to open the pile properties directly. Pile Properties is for raft pile design.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Column Type&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp; Column shape can be set to either &quot;Rectangular&quot; or &quot;Circular&quot;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">B1\/B2&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: B1 and B2 are&nbsp;the horizontal and vertical dimensions&nbsp;of the column on the plan view, respectively.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<div><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Eccentricity X\/Y&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If &quot;From Pile cap&quot; is selected, the eccentricity of the pile cap with respect to the column in X or Y direction can be edited.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If &quot;From Column&quot; is selected,&nbsp;the eccentricity of the column with respect to the pile cap in X or Y direction can be edited.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Center&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">button<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: To move the pile cap to the center of the column<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_3267002325034052\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=ghfhh5b95ad6a425e46a1924f3496653023e3\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Pile_Location_tab\" class=\"toc_anchors\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Pile Location tab<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The auto-calculated pile coordinates in X and Y&nbsp;directions are shown in&nbsp;this&nbsp;tab.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The offsets of pile in X and Y directions can be edited in this&nbsp;tab.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The actual coordinates of piles in X and Y directions will be calculated automatically.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If the pile is selected in the table, the selected pile will be highlighted as &quot;<\/span><b><span class=\"colour\">BLUE<\/span><\/b><span class=\"colour\">&quot; in the Pile Cap details on the right hand side.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_9650592399117985\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;width: 1125px;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=ghfhhf64740c59cf942e489c33052545141d1\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><span class=\"KB_New_Editor_Highlights\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;position: relative;padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-image=\"contentStyle\" style=\"position: absolute;left: 12px;top: 14px;width: 15px;max-width: 100%\" data-type=\"non-resize\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-f3540d20e61bcef81b9c921c4c43788f.png\" alt=\"Alert\"><span class=\"colour\">Pile offsets are meant to be small to take into account site piling in accuracies.&nbsp; The offsets are not meant to change the pile position and shape drastically.&nbsp; If the piles configuration differ significantly, then it will be more appropriate to use the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-raft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Piled Raft Foundation<\/a> <span class=\"colour\">method.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"Materials_tab\" class=\"toc_anchors\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Materials tab<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The concrete and rebars materials can be edits in this tab. The unit cost of the concrete, rebars, and pile can be entered in this tab if &quot;Optimization&quot; calculation is required in the &quot;Optimization&quot; tab.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The setting will be following the general setting (master setting) by default.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><u style=\"font-size: 14px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Concrete Material&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp; grade of concrete for pile cap.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><u style=\"font-size: 14px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Concrete Type&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp; Option to choose normal weight or light weight concrete.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><u style=\"font-size: 14px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Concrete Type&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: Surface finishes such as &quot;As Cast&quot;, &quot;Brushed&quot; or &quot;Washed&quot;.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><u style=\"font-size: 14px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Rebar Material&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;Rebar size and grade.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><u style=\"font-size: 14px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Link Material&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: Link rebar size and grade.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u style=\"font-size: 14px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Unit Cost&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: unit cost to be calculated in &quot;Optimization&quot; tab.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Soil Properties<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\"> : Soil weight above the pile cap will result in additional gravity load on the pile cap &amp; higher pile forces :&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<ol style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.1px\">\n<li class=\"sty__dl4a1o__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><u><span class=\"colour sty__ov9izy__cls\"><span class=\"colour\">Soil Unit Weight<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour sty__e4wp0y__cls\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;:&nbsp;Enter the unit weight of the fill material in this field.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"sty__2a8er6__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><u><span class=\"colour sty__kdvjeg__cls\"><span class=\"colour\">Fill Height<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour sty__1n2cg2__cls\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;:&nbsp;Fill height is the surcharge height. This value is automatically calculated Fill Height =<\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"colour sty__fzs60r__cls\"><a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/storey-related-controls-and-settings#Effective_Top_Storey_No:~:text=applied%20to%20ST01.-,Foundation%20Depth,-Foundation%20depth%20is\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Foundation Depth<\/a><\/span><span class=\"colour sty__frbbv8__cls\">&nbsp;minus Footing Depth.&nbsp; <br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"sty__2a8er6__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: circle\"><span class=\"colour sty__frbbv8__cls\">Tick <b>User Defined <\/b>to manually input fill height. V<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<li class=\"sty__2a8er6__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"colour sty__frbbv8__cls\">The volume of surcharge will be calculated and multiplied with the &quot;<i style=\"letter-spacing: 0.1px\">Soil Unit Weight<\/i><span class=\"colour\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.1px\">&quot; to yield the additional axial load due to fill material.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div>\n<div class=\"target_moving\" id=\"target_mov_img_4761143630534913\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-e45ec02c0a9f5a1af4127747ab68fc0d.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;padding: 0px;width: 890.5px;height: auto\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_4761143630534913\" class=\"docsimage\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"best\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 30px;font-size: 18px\" id=\"Options_tab\" class=\"toc_anchors\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Options tab<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li>\n<div><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Base Bending moment calculation method&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Cantilever method: All design shear and bending moment will be calculated based on inverted cantilever method.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\" align-left\" style=\"text-align: left\"><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Include Effect of Column Dimensions&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: If this is included, the cantilever span of the pile with respect to the column will be deducted&nbsp;by the column dimensions, i.e. smaller design bending moment and lesser base reinforcement for bending effect.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Only applicable to &quot;Deep Beam&quot; theory.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\" align-left\" style=\"text-align: left\"><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Include Effect of Column Dimensions on Shear Span&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">: The effect of column dimensions will be included in shear span if this is checked, resulting in higher shear capacity.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">&nbsp;Only applicable to &quot;Deep Beam&quot; theory.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\" align-left\" style=\"text-align: left\"><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Include Banding Ratio (Affects Enhanced Shear Capacity)&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: Check this if you would like to include the banding ratio in the shear design, resulting in lower shear capacity.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Only applicable to &quot;Shallow Beam&quot; theory.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Deep Moment&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: You can either choose&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">CIRIA<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Reynolds<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;method for the deep beam design.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Check Shear&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: If this is checked the shear will be designed.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Check Punching Shear&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: If this is checked the punching shear will be designed.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Preferred Pile Layout For More than 15 piles&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: You can set this to (i) Single Row (ii) Double Row (iii) Skewed Double Row (iv) Triple Row&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Direction&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: If you want to rotate the pile cap orientation on plan view, change into direction 1 or 2 based on your preference.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Use Only Selected Direction During Design:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;Please check this if you want to use the selected&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Direction<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;in design.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Min Pile Cap Depth&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: The minimum pile cap depth for the pile cap auto design.&nbsp;The program will not attempt to use fewer piles than the minimum entered here.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Max Pile Cap Depth&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: The maximum pile cap depth for the pile cap auto design. The program will not attempt to use more piles than the maximum entered here.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Depth Increment Step:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;If depth increment step for the pile cap auto design. For example, if this is set to 100mm, the pile cap depth will be increased by 100mm if the current pile cap depth is inadequate.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Max. Number of Piles&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">: The maximum number of piles can be provided in the pile cap. For example, if this is set to 100, the pile cap design will stop the design, if the 100 number of pile cap is still inadequate.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_7308894861865849\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=m4x2q5f2da4c420db48e0a41b3b64fafe6805\"><\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Column_Load_tab\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Column Load tab<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The column design axial, shear forces and bending moments can be reviewed or edited in this tab&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">You can change the &quot;Loading&quot;&nbsp; (drop down list on the right top of this tab)&nbsp;to (i) Envelope (ii) All Combinations or (iii)&nbsp; User Defined&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If &quot;Envelope&quot; is set, all combinations will be enveloped for the pile cap design. This will be maximum forces of &quot;All Combination&quot; option &amp; hence more conservative.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If &quot;All combinations&quot; is set, all load combinations will be used in the pile cap design&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If&nbsp; you select a load combination &gt; click&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Add Selected To User Loads&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><b><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/b><span class=\"colour\">button, the selected load combination will be added to the &quot;User Defined&quot; Load combination for further editing.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If &quot;User Defined&quot; is selected, you can define a new manual design loads, i.e. forces will be decouple from Building Analysis :&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Click &quot;+Add&quot; button to add a new row&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">You may edit the Comb. No, design axial (N), Shear force&nbsp;in X direction (Vx),&nbsp;Shear force&nbsp;in Y direction (Vy)) Moment in X direction (Mx) and Moment in Y direction (My)&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Click &quot;X Remove&quot; button to remove a selected row.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The final design loading will be auto-calculated in the last column (summation of N)&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Optionally, you can also click &quot;Import From CSV&quot; button to import the load combination from a CSV file.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"font-size: 16px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;width: 1125px;height: auto\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_6897341495194844\" class=\"docsimage\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=m4x2qdacd6415463b417a97ca6e96b00a7de6\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Axial_Loads_tab\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Axial Loads tab&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Design pile axial forces of each piles&nbsp;(due to the axial load, moment and shear from the column\/wall) can be reviewed in this tab.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Moment &amp; shear of column stump will result in higher pile axial force as the shear &amp; moment will be converted to additional axial pile forces from equilibrium equations:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If you would like to release the moments, one option is to hinge the bottom of the column stump, i.e. hinge bottom of ST01 column.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Shear forces in columns are inherent result of lateral forces, such as notional, wind or seismic loads. These cannot be forcefully removed from the building analysis.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The total pile design axial forces are reported in the last column. If the pile design axial force is less than or equal to the pile (ultimate) compression and tension capacities (as defined in &quot;Pile Cap&quot; tab), the texts in the last column will be shown in &quot;<\/span><b><span class=\"colour\">GREEN<\/span><\/b><span class=\"colour\">&quot; indicating the pile is adequate in terms of axial capacity. If the pile axial capacity is inadequate, the last column will be marked in &quot;<\/span><b><span class=\"colour\">RED<\/span><\/b><span class=\"colour\">&quot;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">All values in the table (except the pile number in the first column and the total in the last column) can be edited if necessary. Then, the total pile design axial force will be recalculated automatically.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Re-calculate Axial Loads<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;button is used for resetting all user defined values in the table and recalculating the pile axial loads.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_2741419797396789\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=m4x2qd3742e58ed124192a0b62f45cc602d1f\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Rebars_Tab\"><b><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Rebars Tab<\/span><\/span><\/b><br \/><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The auto-designed reinforcement can be reviewed in this tab in a table format, including the values of As provided and required.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">The description of the rebar table are as follows :&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.1px\">\n<li class=\"sty__he5tug__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"font\"><b><u>Base (X &amp; Y)<\/u><\/b>&nbsp;:&nbsp; These are bottom rebars in both direction which are auto-designed based on design moment.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"sty__he5tug__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"font\">The area of steel provided (As-prov) &amp; required (As-Req) are shown.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<li class=\"sty__734r8n__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><b><u>Side (X &amp; Y)&nbsp;<\/u><\/b>:&nbsp; These are the side bars. They are not designed&nbsp; &amp; is provided as good detailing practice.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li class=\"sty__oz4rxt__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><b><u>Top&nbsp; (X &amp; Y)<\/u><\/b>&nbsp;: There are the top rebars in both direction.&nbsp; They are not designed &amp; is provided as good detailing practice.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"sty__oz4rxt__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: disc\">This field is only active if option<b> Use Top Bars<\/b> is checked.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.1px\">\n<li class=\"sty__2n4iwy__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"sty__qtpzhw__cls\">User may adjust the rebar diameter &amp; spacing.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"sty__taj0j4__cls\" style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"font\">For example, user can manually increase the steel bar diameter or decrease the spacing if the steel is reported to be insufficient. The design is automatically re-checked,&nbsp;<\/span>if<b style=\"letter-spacing: 0.1px\">&nbsp;ENTER&nbsp;<\/b><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.1px\">is pressed or other cells are clicked after the change.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\" align-left\" style=\"text-align: left\"><b><u><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Rebar Options :&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\"><b>Auto-select Reinforcement <\/b>: A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">llows you to auto re-design &amp; reselect the pile cap reinforcement.&nbsp; This is recommended after manually adjusting other parameters of the pile, example pile cap depth.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><b>Use Top Bars <\/b>: If checked, this rebar will be shown in the rebar table &amp; included in the detailing (no design).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><b><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Use Shear Reinforcement<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/b><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">If checked, this rebar will be shown in the rebar table &amp; included in the detailing (no design).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><b>Number of Layers (X\/Y)&nbsp;<\/b>: Specifies the number of layers of base \/ bottom rebar. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">By default, the auto design will only provide 1 layer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"colour\">Manually increasing the number of layers more than 1 will increase the total provided base steel &amp; improves the design checks that depends on this rebar.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square\"><span class=\"colour\">Generally, for <b>Deep Beam<\/b> method, the pile cap may require more than one layer of base reinforcement to satisfy the<\/span> <b style=\"font-size: 16px\">Distribution Depth Check<\/b><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"> in the <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Design_Checks_tab__Guidance_on_manual_design\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 16px\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Design Checks tab.<\/a><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\"><b>Layer Spacing (X\/Y)&nbsp;<\/b>:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;Specifies the spacing of rebars between bottom steel layers if number of layer is more than 1.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\"><b>Internal Bending Radius :&nbsp; <\/b>Specifies the internal bending radius&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">of base reinforcement.&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">This directly affects the&nbsp;<b>Maximum Bearing Stress <\/b>check in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Design_Checks_tab__Guidance_on_manual_design\" target=\"_self\">Design Checks&nbsp;tab<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Increasing the bending radius will improve the&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><b style=\"font-size: 16px\">Maximum Bearing Stress&nbsp;<\/b><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">check.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><b>Concrete Cover <\/b>: Top, bottom and side concrete covers are shown &amp; can be edited.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_18815316381872793\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=m4x2q886628c166c74a458b9c6b3e2d318511\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Design_Checks_tab__Guidance_on_Manual_Design\"><b><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Design Checks tab &amp; Guidance on Manual Design<\/span><\/span><\/b><br \/><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">The pile cap auto-design will automatically design the pile cap shape, size, depth and the number of piles. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">However, the design is complex with many inter-related variables.&nbsp;Hence, when pile caps are indicated as failed, manually amending the pile cap parameters may be necessary to achieve a pass status.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">These are all the design checks, explanation &amp; guidance on manual design, if necessary :&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Pile Capacity Check&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;If this is &quot;tick&quot;, it indicates the pile capacity is adequate. Otherwise, it will show &quot;cross&quot; if the design is failed.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If this check fails, try increasing the number of piles manually<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Go to the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Axial_Loads_tab\" target=\"_self\">Axial Loads tab<\/a> to see details of this check.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Generally, increasing the number of piles will improve all other checks since each pile force is decreased.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Base Design Moment&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;Shows the base design moment in X and Y directions&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Bending Design Result&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;If this is &quot;tick&quot;, it indicates the base reinforcement design&nbsp;is adequate. Otherwise, it will show &quot;cross&quot; if the design is failed.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If this check fails, try increasing the base rebar in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Rebars_Tab\" target=\"_self\">Rebars Tab<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Design Shear Force&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;Shows the design shear force in X and Y directions&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Distribution Depth Check&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: Bar distribution check for the deep beam method ONLY&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If this check fails, increase the &quot;Number of Layers&quot; of rebar in the&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Rebars_Tab\" target=\"_self\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">Rebars Tab<\/a><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Column Base Face Perimeter Shear Stress Check&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;Shows the design shear stress at the column face against the shear stress capacity at column face.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If this check fails, as trial, increase the column stump size in the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Pile_Cap_tab\" target=\"_self\">Pile Cap tab<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\" align-left\" style=\"text-align: left\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Once finalized, that column size in ST01 should be updated in the model and Building Analysis re-run to obtain updated forces (as increasing stump size will also affect the weight &amp; stiffness of structure).&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Shear Capacity (Shallow\/Deep)&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: The first value is shallow beam shear capacity while the second value is the deep beam shear capacity.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Design Shear vs Shear Capacity&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;Shows the column design shear and shear capacity.&nbsp; This check can be manually improved by :&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\" align-left\" style=\"text-align: left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Increasing the pile cap depth in&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Pile_Cap_tab\" target=\"_self\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">Pile Cap tab<\/a><span class=\"colour\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\" align-left\" style=\"text-align: left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Increasing the base rebar in<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Rebars_Tab\" target=\"_self\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">Rebars Tab<\/a><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\" align-left\" style=\"font-size: 15px;text-align: left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\"><u>Longitudinal Rebar Shear Check<\/u>&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">Longitudinal shear check will only be performed for &quot;Shallow Beam&quot; case. (i.e. non Deep Beam case).&nbsp;&nbsp;If this check fails, it can be improved by&nbsp; :<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Increase the pile cap depth&nbsp;<span class=\"size\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">in&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Pile_Cap_tab\" target=\"_self\">Pile Cap tab<\/a><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 15px\">.<\/span>&nbsp;<br \/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Increase the Base rebars provided in the&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-size: 16px\" href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Rebars_Tab\" target=\"_self\">Rebars Tab<\/a><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<div><\/div>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li style=\"text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Punching Shear Check Perimeter (1\/2&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">): This checks for punching shear for the first and second punching shear perimeter check if applicable.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">&nbsp;This check can be manually improved by :&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Increasing the pile cap depth in&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-size: 16px\" href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Pile_Cap_tab\" target=\"_self\">Pile Cap tab<\/a><span class=\"colour\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\" class=\" align-left\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"highlight\">Increasing the base rebar in<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 15px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-size: 16px\" href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Rebars_Tab\" target=\"_self\">Rebars Tab<\/a><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 15px\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Max. bearing stress&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp; It checks the base reinforcement bearing stress.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The bearing stress is a minor detailing check.&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">This is not automatically designed, i.e. user should specify the correct bending radius of the rebar in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Rebars_Tab\" target=\"_self\">Rebars Tab<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">To improve \/ reduce the bearing stress, you can increase the \u201cInternal beading Radius\u201d manually in the&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-size: 16px\" href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Rebars_Tab\" target=\"_self\">Rebars Tab<\/a><span class=\"colour\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><span class=\"KB_New_Editor_Highlights\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;position: relative;padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-image=\"contentStyle\" style=\"position: absolute;left: 12px;top: 14px;width: 15px;max-width: 100%\" data-type=\"non-resize\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-643f0ac51a5a25a73f584dfd5eb10408.png\" alt=\"Idea\"><\/p>\n<div><span><span class=\"colour\">In performing manual design, if adjusting many of the above parameters does not work, try one or combination of the following :<\/span><span class=\"colour\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"colour\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"colour\">In&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Options_tab\" target=\"_self\">Options tab<\/a>, try changing the design parameters. For example, checking &quot;Include Effect of Column Dimensions&quot; generally improves moment &amp; shear checks.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"colour\">In<span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Pile_Cap_tab\" target=\"_self\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">Pile Cap tab<\/a>, try increasing&nbsp;the number of piles.<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"colour\">This will generally improve many of the design checks since each pile force is reduced.<\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"colour\">In<\/span>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Pile_Cap_tab\" target=\"_self\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">Pile Cap tab<\/a><span class=\"colour\">, <span class=\"colour\">tr<\/span>y increasing the pile capacity so that less number of piles &amp; a smaller pile cap is required.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc\"><span class=\"colour\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/pile-caps#Materials_tab\" target=\"_self\">Materials tab<\/a>, try increasing the Concrete grade, which generally increase all capacities.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_4047503421550718\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;width: 1125px;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=m4x2qcb138856ad3440e28efcd6f8fa0ebb31\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Report__Detailing_tab\"><b style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Report &amp; Detailing tab<\/span><\/span><\/b><br \/><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Report can be created by clicking the&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Create Report&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">button in this tab&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The following options can be checked if necessary:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Add column effects to reports for all combinations&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Add pile axial loads for critical combination to report&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Add pile coordinates table to report&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Show Only&nbsp;critical combination results\/ Show All combination results&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_12369432965102933\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=m4x2qa22567b7f6c2411fb805cabbbed1c37e\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Results_Tab\"><b><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Results Tab<\/span><\/span><\/b><br \/><\/h3>\n<div><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If &quot;<i>D<\/i><\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">esign&quot;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">button is clicked on the left bottom of the&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">&quot;<\/span><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><i><span class=\"colour\">Pile cap<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">&quot;<\/span><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><i><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">dialog, the processes will be added to this result tab. You can review the processes in the result tab if necessary. Alternatively, you can also check the final design values and checks in the &quot;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Design Checks&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">tab OR the &quot;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Design&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">table (at the middle bottom of &quot;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Pile cap<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">&quot;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\">dialog)&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_07802390429989425\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=m4x2q3cd908052a874f1782fceef0f6b42c56\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"toc_anchors\" id=\"Optimization_tab\"><b><span class=\"colour\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;line-height: normal\" class=\"size\">Optimization tab<\/span><\/span><\/b><br \/><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">This tab allows you to perform cost analysis\/optimization&nbsp;by&nbsp;listing&nbsp;additional candidates for the pile cap.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">It will increasing the pile cap depth or pile number. Then, the total cost of different candidates will be calculated automatically for comparison.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The min. pile cap depth, depth increment step and max. number of piles can be set in the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Options&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;tab. The unit rates of concrete, rebars and pile can be edited in&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Materials&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/span><b><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/b><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">tab.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Show Graphic&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;toggle button allows you to switch between&nbsp;the table to chart view or chart to table view&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Max. # Of optimization candidates&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: Enter the number of candidates to be generated.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">List Candidates&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;button: If this is clicked, it will generate different candidates for the pile cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"margin: 10px 0px;position: relative;padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px\" class=\"KB_New_Editor_Highlights\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-2ae621715475324059a80475091538bb.png\" data-type=\"non-resize\" style=\"position: absolute;left: 12px;top: 14px;width: 15px;max-width: 100%\" data-image=\"contentStyle\" alt=\"Warning\"> <\/p>\n<div><span class=\"colour\">If you would like to adopt a case of the listed candidates, please <b>double-click<\/b> the row of the pile cap&nbsp;in the table. Then, the pile cap geometry and calculations will be updated accordingly.&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"float: left\" class=\"target_moving\" id=\"target_mov_img_43366863137480127\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_7477988927622943\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=28s7s276ee69ac67a4f47933c7cba298e4edc\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"Pile_Cap_Batch_Design\" class=\"toc_anchors\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 24px\"><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap Batch Design&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">If multiple columns are selected &gt; Right click &gt; Click &quot;Insert Pile Cap&quot;,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap Batch Design&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;dialog will be launched for designing the pile cap in batch mode.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">By default, all select columns will be associated to a row of pile cap in the Pile Cap Batch Design dialog.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20px\"><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">The&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><i><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap Batch Design&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span class=\"colour\">dialog consists of top and bottom panels:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-size: 14px\">\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Top Panel:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">A row of buttons for various functionality as described below&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Design All:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">Allows you to design all the pile cap automatically&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Option 1: Check Design (Do not redesign) &#8211; if this option is selected, the pile cap design will only be checked and no modification will be made for the existing pile cap geometry and reinforcement.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Option 2: Check Design (Redesign if fails) &#8211; if this option is chosen, the pile cap will only be redesigned if it fails.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">Option 3: Redesign All &#8211; this option will reselect\/redesign the exisitng pile cap regardless the pile cap is pass\/fail.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Design Selected:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">Allows you to design for the selected pile cap in the table (in the bottom panel)&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Group Selected:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">Group the selected pile caps in the bottom table&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Group by Piles:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">Group the pile caps based on the pile numbers. The pile caps shall be designed for at least once if this button is clicked.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Ungroup:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">Ungroup the selected pile caps&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">SelectClear All:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">Click to select all pile cap or unselect all pile cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Reverse Selection:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">Allows you to reverse the selection in the bottom table&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Foundation Settings&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: Allows you to set the default foundation settings for the pile cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Design log&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: Shows you the design processes. You can check this log if you want to find out why the pile cap design fails.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Import From CSV&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><b><span class=\"colour\">:&nbsp;<\/span><\/b><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;Allows you to import the pile cap(s) from a CSV file.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Export to Excel:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">Allows you to export the bottom table to an excel file&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Pile Cap Design Report:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;&nbsp;Allows you to generate the pile cap design report.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">OK&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: Click to accept the pile cap design&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Cancel&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: Click to discard the pile cap design&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Bottom Panel:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">A table consists of pile cap(s) design information&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Label:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The label of the pile caps&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Columns&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">: The column label which is associated with the pile cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">No. of piles:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The number of piles in the pile cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Pile Size:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The pile size or diameter of the pile cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Depth:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The depth of the pile cap&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Spacing Sx\/Sy:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;The pile spacing in directions X and Y&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Lx:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The pile cap width in X direction&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Ly:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The pile cap length in Y direction&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Base X\/Y:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The base reinforcement in X and Y Directions&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Top X\/Y:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The top reinforcement in X and Y directions&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Side X\/Y:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The side reinforcement in X and Y directions&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Shear:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">The shear reinforcement&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><u><span class=\"colour\">Design Status:&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><span class=\"colour\">the pile cap design status. If the design pass, a &quot;tick&quot; will be marked. Otherwise if design fails, a &quot;red cross&quot; will be marked.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div><span class=\"font\"><span class=\"size\" style=\"font-size: 16px\"><span class=\"colour\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" data-zdeskdocselectedclass=\"original\" data-zdeskdocid=\"img_9717499274672545\" class=\"docsimage\" style=\"padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;height: auto\" src=\"https:\/\/desk.zoho.com\/DocsDisplay?zgId=672206093&amp;mode=inline&amp;blockId=28s7saaa29936c60940abbec2c0c9738ba336\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"margin: 10px 0px;position: relative;padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px\" class=\"KB_New_Editor_Highlights\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/prota-doc-52ed272a118a516362adf3ed13558426.png\" data-type=\"non-resize\" style=\"position: absolute;left: 12px;top: 14px;width: 15px;max-width: 100%\" data-image=\"contentStyle\" alt=\"Info\"> <\/p>\n<div>\n<div><span class=\"colour\">You can design pile cap to service load (unfactored load):<\/span><b>&nbsp;<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/support.protasoftware.com\/portal\/en\/kb\/articles\/design-pile-cap-pad-footing-for-service-load-unfactored-load\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Design Pile Cap\/ Pad Footing for Service Load (Unfactored Load)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Before defining a Pile Cap&nbsp;:&nbsp; The building model must be completed and analysed, so that the column axial loads and moments are determined.&nbsp; The foundation&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_whitepaper_youtube_videos":"","_whitepaper_youtube_url":"","_whitepaper_youtube_thumbnail":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"whitepaper_topic":[],"whitepaper_product":[],"whitepaper_type":[],"class_list":["post-33366","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry","category-foundation-modelling-and-design"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.9 (Yoast SEO v27.9) - 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